Qib zoo thiab tsis zoo. N yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus Askiv haiv neeg, thiab P yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov zoo, sawv cev rau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv N cov khoom yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv P yog qhov. Plug-in series davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv: Nws yog ib hom ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv, thiab nws yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob siv los paub txog kev sib txuas hluav taws xob. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv lub thawv xa khoom los pab txhawb kev xaim, thiab lub zog nws tiv taus yog feem ntau me me.
