Twisted Pair
Twisted khub cable yog tam sim no feem ntau lub cev txheej cable hauv tsheb Ethernet. Nws muaj ob txoj hlua hluav taws xob uas sib tw ua ke raws li ib qho qauv (feem ntau yog clockwise). Daim ntawv thaiv no tuaj yeem txo cov hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ntawm cov khub uas nyob ib sab thiab txhim kho kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Twisted khub cables tau muab faib ua cov ntaub thaiv npog (STP) thiab tsis muaj kev sib tw twisted (UTP).
Unshielded twisted khub (UTP)
UTP yog hom kab sib tw uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv tsheb Ethernet vim nws tus nqi qis thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Ob lub xov hlau nyob hauv UTP cable xa cov teeb liab nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug tab sis cov theem sib txawv, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov suab nrov sab nraud. Hauv automotive Ethernet, UTP cables feem ntau yog siv rau tib lub sijhawm sib kis thiab txais cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cable kawg yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hybrid kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus thiab tau txais.
Feem ntau UTP cable specifications suav nrog Cat5e, Cat6, thiab Cat7. Cat5e cables txhawb kev sib kis ceev tshaj plaws ntawm 1Gbps thiab tsim nyog rau feem ntau hauv kev sib txuas hauv network xav tau ntawm lub tsheb, xws li lub tshuab suab, navigation systems, thiab kev lom zem. Cat6 cables yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib kis ceev thiab kev ua tau zoo, txhawb kev sib kis ceev txog li 10Gbps, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau ua cov ntaub ntawv ntau, xws li cov lus txhais video xa mus lossis kev sib txuas lus ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub tsheb. Cat7 yog cov khoom lag luam siab tshaj plaws, tshaj Cat6 hauv kev sib kis ceev, bandwidth, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, tsim rau cov tsheb uas muaj cov kev pabcuam tsav tsheb siab heev, cov cuab yeej saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, lossis cov cuab yeej kuaj xyuas cov chaw taws teeb thiab lwm yam khoom siv high-end.
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
STP cable ntxiv cov txheej txheem hlau thaiv nruab nrab ntawm tus khub twisted thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog sab nrauv, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam zoo dua thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. STP cables feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas electromagnetic cuam tshuam ntau xav tau, xws li complex electromagnetic ib puag ncig hauv tsheb lossis cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau xa cov ntaub ntawv mus ntev.
Fiber Optics
Fiber optic, raws li qhov nruab nrab kis tau tus mob, kuj muaj nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo hauv tsheb Ethernet. Fiber optic cables yog ua los ntawm ntshiab quartz iav los yog yas fibers thiab muaj peev xwm xa cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm optical signals, nrog bandwidth ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Kev sib kis tus nqi txhawb nqa los ntawm fiber ntau optic tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100Gbit / s, siab dua li twisted khub cables.
Fiber optics muab faib ua ob hom: ib hom fiber ntau thiab ntau hom fiber ntau. Tib hom fiber ntau tuaj yeem kis tau lub teeb ntawm ib hom, tsis muaj hom rau hom dispersion, thiab yog tsim rau kev sib kis mus ntev. Multimode optical fibers tso cai rau cov qauv sib txawv ntawm lub teeb xa mus rau ntawm ib qho fiber ntau, tab sis vim lawv hom loj rau hom dispersion, lawv tsuas yog siv rau kev sib kis luv luv hauv cheeb tsam hauv zos.
Hauv automotive Ethernet, fiber ntau optical feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev thiab ruaj khov, xws li cov koob yees duab on-board, Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) thiab nws pib tsav. Fiber optic kis tau tus mob tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv automotive systems. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib kis ntawm fiber ntau optic tsis txwv los ntawm kev ncua deb thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau thaj chaw loj, xws li kev sib koom tes hauv nkoj lossis kev sib txuas lus ntawm tsheb.
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cables kuj muaj qee yam kev siv hauv tsheb Ethernet, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qee qhov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam los tiv thaiv. Lub coaxial cable muaj xws li ib tug central conductor, ib tug nruab nrab insulating, ib tug mesh conductive txheej, thiab ib tug txheej insulating txheej. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov teeb liab sab nraud.
Txawm li cas los xij, piv rau cov kab sib tw twisted thiab fiber ntau optic cables, coaxial cables yog siv tsawg dua hauv tsheb Ethernet. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim tus nqi siab ntawm coaxial cables thiab kev teeb tsa thiab kev sib txuas. Yog li ntawd, coaxial cables feem ntau tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib kis tau zoo thiab tus nqi tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev txiav txim siab rau kev xaiv cable
Thaum xaiv cov cables rau automotive Ethernet, ntau yam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, suav nrog cov kev xav tau bandwidth, kis nrug deb, tus nqi, thiab qhov ua tau.
Bandwidth yuav tsum tau: Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm loj yuav tsum tau xa mus, fiber ntau optic yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua vim tias nws tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov nrawm dua thiab txhawb nqa qhov kev thov kom loj dua bandwidth. Twisted khub cables yog tsim rau kev siv nrog qis bandwidth.
Kev sib kis deb: Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau qhov ntev, fiber ntau optic yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov twisted khub cables feem ntau yog luv thiab cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thev naus laus zis, qee qhov tshiab twisted khub cables (xws li Cat6 thiab Cat7) tau muaj peev xwm xa cov ntaub ntawv mus ntev dua.
Tus nqi thiab qhov ua tau: Xav txog yam xws li kev tsim khoom thiab kev teeb tsa, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev hloov pauv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sib kis uas tsim nyog rau qhov project pob nyiaj siv thiab cov peev txheej txwv. Twisted khub cables tau dav siv hauv tsheb Ethernet vim lawv cov nqi-zoo thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Txawm hais tias fiber ntau optics muaj kev ua tau zoo dua, lawv cov nqi kuj tseem siab.
